A recently disclosed draft memorandum of understanding regarding a peace framework agreement between the United States and Iran indicates that both nations are entering the final stages before officially signing the deal. The document, comprising fourteen clauses, outlines detailed cooperation specifics and is viewed as a significant indicator of a potential turning point in bilateral relations in recent years. According to the draft, upon signing the memorandum, both parties will immediately cease all hostile actions, pledge to refrain from using or threatening force, respect each other's sovereignty and territorial integrity, and commit to non-interference in internal affairs.

Regarding specific implementation, the agreement mandates that negotiations for the final peace treaty be completed within sixty days, with provisions for extension if necessary. The United States commits to lifting the naval blockade on Iran upon the memorandum's effectiveness, ensuring shipping returns to normal levels within thirty days, and withdrawing military forces from surrounding regions within thirty days after the final agreement is signed. In reciprocation, Iran is required to immediately take measures to normalize commercial shipping through the Strait of Hormuz, responsible for clearing relevant mines and technical obstacles, also restoring capacity to pre-conflict levels within thirty days.

Economic terms constitute another major focus of the draft. The US promises to collaborate with regional partners to formulate an economic reconstruction and development plan for Iran, with funding volume reaching at least $300 billion. Relevant implementation mechanisms will be established within two months and incorporated into the final agreement. The sanctions regime will also be terminated gradually. Under the final agreement framework, the US commits to ending all sanction measures against Iran, including UN Security Council resolutions and relevant restrictions from the International Atomic Energy Agency. Prior to the formal lifting of sanctions, the US Treasury will provide waiver licenses for Iranian crude oil and petrochemical exports, allowing relevant banking and insurance services to operate normally.

On nuclear issues, Iran reaffirms in the draft its commitment not to develop nuclear weapons. Both sides agree to properly resolve matters such as enriched uranium stockpiles and future nuclear energy needs within the final agreement. Before the final agreement is signed, both parties agree to maintain the status quo: Iran will maintain the current scale of its nuclear program, while the US will implement no new sanctions or increase military deployment. Frozen Iranian overseas assets will be released gradually as negotiations progress, ensuring the Central Bank of Iran can freely access and utilize them.

To ensure agreement implementation, both sides agree to establish a specialized implementation oversight mechanism. The draft stipulates that negotiations on remaining clauses for the final agreement will only commence after confirming that key provisions—such as the lifting of the naval blockade, restoration of shipping, energy export waivers, and asset release—have begun to be consistently executed. The final agreement plans to be confirmed and approved through a binding UN Security Council resolution to ensure international supervision and recognition.